数据分解模式下PM2.5与气态污染物的组合预测研究

大气污染治理是我国实现生态文明的必经之路,制定有效性的大气治理方案,作为参考的大气污染物月均浓度预测结果是至关重要的.针对大气环境污染物月均浓度时间序列的高噪音、非平稳和非线性等特点,本文提出一种基于数据分解模式的组合预测模型.上海市的实例验证及与其他3种模型的对比研究表明：本文所提出的组合预测模型适用于政策制定所需但样本量受限的月均或年均数据预测;所提出的子序列重构的新模式比传统求和算法重构模式提高预测精度12.5%;相较于其他模型,其预测性能最优（绝对百分比误差的均值仅为9.05,且对历史拟合的皮尔逊系数均为0.90以上）.实现了对大气污染物月均浓度高精度预测,可为相关政策的制定提供科学的定量参考.     

陕西省兰炭行业SO_2、NO_x产排污系数核算研究

采用单源检测法对三家兰炭企业的SO2、NOx排放量进行了测定,核算了产排污系数,并与《第一次全国污染源普查工业源产排污系数手册》(以下简称《手册》)中对应系数进行了比较。结果显示,兰炭行业SO2产排污系数为0.0057~0.0733kg/t,NOx产排污系数为0.0824~0.2014kg/t,与《手册》比较得知,焦化行业SO2产排污系数在本研究的产排污系数区间内,但均值约是本研究产排污系数的2.9倍;焦化行业NOx产排污系数与本研究中排污系数区间无重叠,且均值约是本研究产排污系数的2.8倍。     

江苏省酸性降水的时空分布特征

为进一步掌握江苏省酸性降水的时空分布特点,文章应用经验正交函数法(EOF)对江苏省2008-2011年24个酸雨监测站的数据进行分解,分别得出月降水pH值、月大气降水电导率、月酸雨量场的特征向量分布和时间系数序列。结果表明,应用EOF方法可以很好地揭示酸性降水场的空间分布特征,江苏省降水pH值的第一典型分布场以东部沿海高于西部地区为主,月降水pH值逐年呈波动上升趋势;大气电导率的第一典型分布场呈同位相变化,西部高于中东部地区,季节变化特征明显;酸雨量的第一典型分布场为淮河以南高于淮北地区,具有夏春季高、秋冬季节低的季节变化特点。     

广州市生态环境与经济发展阶段的实证研究

在过去的发展中,广州市实现了经济跨越式发展,但也给生态环境带来了巨大压力.自20世纪90年代以来.广州市加大了环境整治力度,试图改善本区域的生态环境质量.在2001年和2002年,广州市分别获得"中国人居环境示范奖"和联合国"改善人居环境最佳示范奖"称号,许多学者认为这是广州城市经济建设和环境保护进入协调发展新阶段的标志.为了验证该结论,分析了2000年以来广州市生态环境的变化情况和现状,研究了1990年以来广州市逐年环境生态指标与社会经济指标之间的关系,最后引入环境库兹涅茨曲线研究广州城市环境质量状况以及工业排污情况等随经济发展的变化情况,并对未来变化趋势做出预测.研究表明,2000年以来广州生态环境质量有所改善,但目前环境问题仍较突出,未来广州市环境质量变化情况还处在急剧的变化之中,很难确认广州市环境保护工作与城市经济建设已经进入了协调发展阶段.     

当前环境保护若干制度改革情况调研思考

本文是对华东、华南和西南若干开展环境保护制度改革试点工作的省份进行调研后的报告。总体上,各地环境保护相关制度改革工作各有特色,都有当地比较突出的某项制度改革,但没有一个地方把所有制度改革都推进得很好很快。进展有快有慢,力度有大有小,成效有喜有忧。各地对环境保护部相关重点改革方案总体支持、部分存疑,在实施上有所创新,期待指导。总体建议:一是考虑在试点省份开展综合性环保制度改革;二是抓住"牛鼻子"制度加快改革;三是为环保制度改革争取更多的外部条件支持;四是为地方政府提供更多的改革空间;五是国家层面进一步推进相关制度顶层设计工作;六是中央和地方在推进制度改革试点中有所侧重;七是改革要充分吸纳公众意见;八是改革要注意提升基层能力。     

Trends in per capita ecological footprint and biocapacity in China 1949–2013

This paper proposes two concepts: the ecological footprint component index(EFCI) and the biocapacity component index(BCCI), based on the ecological footprint(EF) and Shannon entropy approaches. Per capita EFCI and BCCI in China 1949-2013 are analyzed using empirical mode decomposition(EMD). Nonlinear models of per capita EFCI and BCCI in China 1949-2013 are presented and their cycles and predictions from 2014 to 2023 are analyzed. The results over the last 65 years show:(1) EFCI in China has increased constantly with fluctuations, while BCCI has slowly decreased. Their annual change rates are 2.81% and-1.26%, respectively. The increasing EFCI indicates a gradual improvement in China's sustainable development potential; the decreasing BCCI indicates severe environmental and population challenges.(2) The cycles of per capita EFCI have periods of 5.4 and 16.3 years, while cycles of per capita BCCI have periods of 3.6, 13,and 21.7 years. The predictive models indicate that EFCI will first decrease, reaching 0.02725 in2014, and will subsequently increase to 0.03261 in 2021. BCCI will increase, reaching 0.01365 in2014 and 0.01541 in 2022. EFCI and BCCI will reach 0.03037 and 0.01537, respectively, in 2023.Policymakers should ensure that the EFCI and BCCI increase in 2023.     

城市可持续发展能力及其影响因素的实证

应用DEA方法构建了一个综合评价城市可持续发展能力的指标——资源与环境效率系数,利用除拉萨以外的全国30个直辖市、省会城市、自治区首府2005-2008年的面板数据,计算了城市资源与环境效率系数,并对资源与环境效率的影响因素进行了实证检验。城市资源与环境效率系数的计算显示:就单个城市而言,资源与环境效率最高的城市是合肥,其次是沈阳、长春、长沙、济南,最低的是贵阳、兰州、西宁、银川、乌鲁木齐;分区域来看,资源与环境效率最高的是位于东北的城市,其次是位于东部和中部的城市,最低的是位于西部的城市。资源与环境效率影响因素的实证检验显示:产业结构对资源与环境效率有显著影响;政府财力对资源与环境效率的影响并不显著;经济外向度、人口质量对资源与环境效率有显著的正向影响。     

Sustainable Development of Export： Theoretical Meaning, Evaluation Model, and Empirical Research

With the effect of the human trade doctrine in the international trade field, almost all the countries have paid more attention to the sustainable development of international trade. This article chose the export sustainable development as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical connotation of the export sustainable development, this article tried to establish an evaluation indices system and set up an evaluation model of the export sustainable development level, and finally made some empirical research on China. The result indicates that the comprehensive level of the export sustainable development in China showed a tendency to rise from 1985 to 2003 and the export sustainable development level of China in these years can be divided into four grades： excellent, good, moderate and poor. In most years, the social economic benefits of export was obtained at the cost of the deterioration of environment and the depletion of resources, and the economic profit of export did not increase with the enlargement of the export scale because of the deterioration of the terms of trade. Therefore, China should be careful about the problem of poverty accompanied by the increase of export.     

基于制造业及劳动力异质性的环境规制就业效应

将环境规制的就业影响识别为：劳动投入-污染排放弹性、环境规制的相对成本和环境规制-污染排放弹性,并利用2003~2017年的制造业行业面板数据进行实证检验.结果表明：环境规制对制造业总体就业造成显著负向影响,且该影响主要体现在劳动密集型行业中,其研发和非研发人员均受到显著负向冲击;资本密集型行业受影响不显著;技术密集型行业总体就业和非研发人员就业受到显著正向影响.弹性和相对成本测算表明,劳动密集型行业受到规模（减小）、挤出、技术替代等多效应的负向冲击;技术密集型行业受规模（增大）效应和就业创造效应的正向促进;资本密集型行业中各效应均不明显.建议有关部门通过减排成本补贴、劳动力技能培训、新型环保产业培育等措施减少环境规制的负向就业影响.     

Toward Ecological Economy

Abstract

With the effect of the human trade doctrine in the international trade field, almost all the countries have paid more attention to the sustainable development of international trade. This article chose the export sustainable development as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical connotation of the export sustainable development, this article tried to establish an evaluation indices system and set up an evaluation model of the export sustainable development level, and finally made some empirical research on China. The result indicates that the comprehensive level of the export sustainable development in China showed a tendency to rise from 1985 to 2003 and the export sustainable development level of China in these years can be divided into four grades: excellent, good, moderate and poor. In most years, the social economic benefits of export was obtained at the cost of the deterioration of environment and the depletion of resources, and the economic profit of export did not increase with the enlargement of the export scale because of the deterioration of the terms of trade. Therefore, China should be careful about the problem of poverty accompanied by the increase of export.